Insight: the psychological dimensions of society

Editor’s Preface

Ihor Popovych — 2024-05-01

Editor’s Preface

Emotional Accompaniment of the Organization of Time Perspective of Forced Ukrainian Migrants Staying Abroad

Viktor Plokhikh — 2024-05-01

The аim. Determination of the specificity of a correlation between the organization of time perspective and emotional experiences of forced Ukrainian migrants staying abroad in terms of their orientation toward adaptation in a critical situation of life activity. Methods. 77 forced Ukrainian migrants in the countries of Europe and North America (aged from 19 to 48 years) were research participants. The following instruments were used in the research: “Time Perspective Inventory” P. Zimbardo; “Differential Emotions Scale” C. Izard; The Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI, Form В); the method of C. Spielberger for determining the level of personal and reactive anxiety; the scale “time competence” of the self-actualization test by Е. Shostrom. Results. It was found that the indicators of acute negative emotions (Me = 27.00) and personal anxiety (Me = 45.00) are high in the researched participants. The Friedman test allowed identifying statistical differences in the intensity of manifestations of different emotions in the total sample (χ2 = 33,693; df = 9; p < .001) through the most expressive emotion of interest (Me = 8.00). It was established that manifestations of emotions have statistical correlations with time perspectives in the following way: interest with the negative past (rs = -.294; p = .009), the hedonistic present (rs = -.264; p = .020) and the future (rs = .376; p = .001); anger with the negative past (rs = .499; p < .001), the hedonistic present (rs = .266; p = .019) and the fatalistic present (rs = .228; p = .046); contempt with the negative past (rs = .427; p < .001) and the future (rs = -.321; p = .004). It was also found that anxiety correlates with time perspective in the following way: reactive anxiety with the negative past (rs = .319; p = .005) and the future (rs = -.234; p = .041); personal anxiety with the negative past (rs = .452; p < .001) and the future (rs = -.251; p = .027). Discussion and conclusions. The degree of expressiveness of negative emotions and personal anxiety in forced Ukrainian migrants staying abroad prevents efficient determination of the future perspective and results in proneness to a fatalistic attitude towards the current circumstances. The researched migrants’ increased orientation towards the current hedonistic satisfaction of their needs does not contribute to adaptation and correlates with expressive negative experiences of the past and present circumstances and restricts determination of the future perspective. High expressiveness of the emotion of interest contributes to evident adaptation-based orientation of forced migrants towards eliminating uncertainty of the future perspective.

Civic Identity of Ukrainians: Age, Gender, Political Dimensions

Inha Petrovska — 2024-05-01

This article aims to determine and analyze the peculiarities of the civic identity of Ukrainian citizens of different ages, genders, and political orientations. Methods: survey, testing (“Diagnostics of Maturity and Type of Civic Identity” (Petrovska, 2021), “Political Orientation” (Karkovska, 2011)), descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, comparative analysis (t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test). Results. Statistically significant differences in persons of different age groups were revealed by such characteristics as representation, conceptuality, subjectness orientation, and integral indicator of civic identity maturity. Citizens of middle adulthood have higher values of representation and conceptuality of civic identity; citizens of early adulthood have higher values of the subjectness orientation of civic identity; citizens of young age have lower values of the integral indicator of civic identity maturity. Statistically significant differences between men and women were determined for such characteristics as representation, subjectness orientation, conceptuality, and integral indicator of civic identity maturity. They are higher in men than in women. Statistically significant differences were found between citizens with right-wing and left-wing political orientations by such characteristics as subjectness orientation and stability. Citizens who share right-wing political views have higher values of subjectness orientation but lower values of stability of civic identity. Statistically significant differences were detected between supporters of democracy and authoritarianism by such characteristics as conceptuality, representation, and the maturity of civic identity. Among citizens who support democracy (recognition and implementation of democracy) and share democratic values, these indicators are higher than among supporters of authoritarianism. Conclusion. It was empirically proven that there are differences in indicators of the maturity of civic identity in women and men, representatives of different age groups, and political orientations. The prospect of further research is the development of programs to stimulate the formation of a mature civic identity, considering the clarified age, gender, and political features of the civic identity of Ukrainians.

Emotional Intelligence in Organization of the Personality Motivation Structure

Yevhen Karpenko — 2024-05-01

The aim of the study is to establish the correlation between emotional intelligence parameters in the personality motivation structure and compare emotional intelligence in the researched groups. Methods. The research participants comprise a diverse range of social sectors, including higher education students, workers in the production, service, commerce, transport, and logistics industries, members of the armed forces, and those experiencing temporary unemployment. There were a total of 130 respondents, ranging in age from 18 to 57 years. Adapted psychodiagnostic instruments that are valid and reliable for domestic studies were used: the questionnaire “Level of development of emotional intelligence of the individual” (LDEII) (Zarytska, 2019); the questionnaire “Assessment of the Level of Aspirations” (ALA) (Gerbachevsky, 2003); “The method of diagnosing the individual’s motivation to achieve success and avoid failure” (MASAF) (Elers, 2002). Results. The Spearman coefficient (rs) revealed thirty-five positive and eight negative correlations between emotional intelligence parameters and motivation parameters (p< .050; p < .010; p < .001). A statistically significant advantage (p < .050; p < .010; p < .001) of Group 2 (a high level of EI) was stated in terms of motivation parameters: the self-esteem motivation, the significance of results, the task complexity, the assessment of the level of achieved results, the assessment of one’s potential, the expected level of results and the level of motivation for achieving success. It was established that the parameters of motivation “significance of results”, “task complexity”, “assessment of the level of achieved results”, and “assessment of one’s potential” are associated with the achievement of difficult goals, which in turn requires the mobilization of the emotional-volitional potential of the individual. Discussion and сonclusions. It was substantiated that emotional intelligence, through understanding the emotions of others and the ability to use this knowledge in activities, is naturally associated with a significant number of motivation parameters. Since emotions are what motivate people to take action, accomplish a goal, and reach new heights, it was generalized that emotional intelligence is the primary source of motivation. It is advised to incorporate the findings into psychological theory and practice.

Ukrainian adaptation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7): diagnostic experience in the state of martial law

Nadiia Aleksina — 2024-05-01

The aim of the research is to develop a Ukrainian-language adaptation of the GAD-7 generalized anxiety disorder assessment methodology and to test its psychometric properties. Methods. The forward and backward translation was carried out independently by several specialists with professional backgrounds in English philology and psychology, and then subjected to expert consistency checks. The data was collected online in two stages (December 2023, January 2024). The sample consisted of civilian Ukrainians aged 17–75 who lived in different regions of the country or were in forced migration abroad (786 and 315 people respectively), with a predominance of women with higher education. The results demonstrate the high psychometric competence of the adapted instrument. Excellent internal consistency and discriminant validity of the items were confirmed, as well as retest reliability, construct and criterion validity of the scale (correlations with the Adult Mental Health Questionnaire and the Positive Mental Health Scale). The factor structure of the methodology corresponds to the original univariate model. The GAD-7 indicator fairly accurately predicts the need to seek psychological help, has strong direct correlations with diagnostic variables measuring anxiety and depression, and negatively correlates with assessments of psychological health. At the same time, empirical indicators of the GAD-7 in the sample are distributed abnormally: more than 40.0% of respondents received a score of 10 or more points, which corresponds to the manifestation of pathological symptomatology. Such assessments are not recommended to be unequivocally interpreted as evidence of generalized anxiety disorder, as they may reflect a legitimate impact of prolonged military aggression on the psycho-emotional state of Ukrainians (maladaptive response to chronic stress, psychological trauma, etc.). Both statuses are indicative of mental health disorders and require appropriate interventions, but the ways and means of this care differ. The average anxiety score of women is significantly higher than that of men (9.70 and 6.93, respectively), which is consistent with the natural features of this condition. Conclusions. The adapted Ukrainian-language version of the GAD-7 is an effective tool for screening symptoms of anxiety disorder in psychological practice and scientific research, including in extreme living conditions. In a martial law situation, clinical disorders associated with anxiety should be distinguished from situationally conditioned reactions to objective danger, which requires additional research.

Research on the Correlation Between Emotional-Gnostic and Personal Characteristics with Parameters of Adolescents’ Creativity

Оleksii Chebykin — 2024-05-01

The aim is to research the correlation of the most significant emotional-gnostic and personal characteristics with parameters of adolescents’ creativity. Methods. 150 adolescents aged 10–12 took part in the research. They gave answers to the statements of the method, aimed at determining the manifestation of creativity features, namely: an adapted author’s expert assessment, based on the diagnostic technique of creative personality traits by O. Tunik (2013) and the questionnaire of personal propensity for creativity by G. Davis (1989); as well as for the study of emotional-gnostic and personal characteristics: the children’s version of the multifactorial personality questionnaire by R. Cattell et al. (1993); scale of personal anxiety by H. Prykhozhan (2007). The results. A certain variability in the manifestation of creativity features of the subjects and the absence of a high propensity for creativity was found out on the general sample of subjects. Direct correlations of indicators of the manifestation of creativity traits with impatience (р < .010), independence (р < .010), emotional stability (р < .010), determination (р < .010), psycho-emotional stress (р < .010), extraversion (p < .050), self-confidence (p < .050) were established. Using cluster analysis, groups of adolescents with significant differences in manifestations of creativity traits and propensity to this activity were identified. In particular, these are 1) children who were inclined to creativity and were able to realize it at the highest level among other adolescents; 2) children who were able to show creativity and had no interest in it; 3) subjects who were inclined to engage in creativity, however, their manifestations of creativity were insignificant. Analysis of variance of emotional- gnostic personality indicators was applied, and it was established that the groups differ in manifestations of psycho-emotional stress (р < .01), extraversion (р < .05) and conscientiousness (р < .01). Discussion and conclusions. It was clarified and explained that the set of emotional-gnostic and personal characteristics, which have statistically significant correlations with the manifestations of creativity features, include the following: a high level of psycho-emotional stress, activity in social interactions, openness, impermanence, flexibility and uncertainty in decision-making.

Personal Determination of Self-Confidence in Youth

Nataliia Shevchenko — 2024-05-01

The aim of the study is to determine the peculiarities of self-confidence development and its personal determinants in youth. Methods. Theoretical: analysis, comparison, systematization, generalization of scientific literary sources and experimental research data; empirical: psychodiagnostic methods: “Assessment of self-confidence” (Zelinska, 2010); “Self-assessment test-questionnaire” (Kolesnichenko et al.,, 2020); “Method of research on self-evaluation of the individual” (Perih, 2017); “Motivation for success and failure avoidance” (Kolesnichenko et al., 2020); “Locus of Control” (Kolesnichenko et al., 2020); “General self-efficacy test” (Kokun et al., 2021); mathematical and statistical methods. Results. The results of an empirical research of the development of self-confidence in youth were presented. The research of the development of the cognitive component of self-confidence showed that the respondents were aimed at self-awareness, obtaining information about themselves, they were inclined to study their inner world, and analyze personal potential. The research of the emotional and value component proved the favorable attitude of young people towards themselves, but dissatisfaction with certain personal qualities and behavior patterns. As a result of the research of the behavioral component, it was found that the level of self-respect of young men of both age groups corresponds to the average level: they were characterized by a critical attitude towards themselves, they strive for the development of their own “Self”. The personal determinants of self-confidence in youth were researched. The research of dignity manifestation proved that the indicators of young people exceed the average level, they have dignity. The results of the research of self-esteem showed that the subjects were characterized by a vague and undifferentiated perception of their ideal and real qualities. The research of the internality of subjective control demonstrated that, depending on the situation, it was a characteristic of the majority of the respondents to attribute responsibility for life events both to their own efforts and to external factors. The research of the motivational tendency of young men made it possible to state that the motivational pole of the respondents was not clearly expressed. The results of the self-efficacy research proved contextuality of young people’s belief in the effectiveness of their actions. Discussion and сonclusions. The assumption that self-confidence in youth was meaningfully determined by age-related new formations and influenced by personal determinants (dignity; adequate self-esteem; internality of subjective control; motivation for success; belief in one’s own self-efficacy) was confirmed.

Innovation in the Professional Formation and Development of Future Teachers

Oksana Tsiuniak — 2024-05-01

The aim of the empirical research is to find out and substantiate the psychological content parameters of innovation in the professional formation and development of future teachers. The tasks are: determination of correlations of parameters of higher education students’ professional readiness for innovative activities with independent variables; finding statistically significant differences between the respondents in the samples of bachelors (group I) and master’s students (group II); comparison of the researched groups with high and low levels of the formation of the coefficients of innovation. Methods: retrospective analysis, generalization, systematization and comparison; the author’s questionnaire “Professional readiness of students for innovative activities” (RIA) (Tsiuniak, 2021); method “Diagnostics of the motivational structure of the personality” (DMSP) (Milman, 1990); method “Teacher’s abilities for creative self-development” (TACSd) (Nikishina, 2009). Results. It was found that there are no statistically significant differences in the determined parameters between the samples of bachelors (group I) and master’s students (group II). A positive tendency was stated in group I in the quantitative coefficient of innovation QCI (М=.68; SD=.22; Me=.68) and in group II – the qualitative coefficient of innovation Q2CI (М=.62; SD=.23; Me=. 61). It was established that the coefficients of innovation have four statistically significant correlations with independent variables: creative activity, social usefulness, active self-development, stopped self-development (р<.050; р<.010). Significant differences were found in the studied groups with high and low levels of formation of the quantitative coefficient of innovation (QCI) and the qualitative coefficient of innovation (Q2CI). Discussion and сonclusions. It was explained that the statistically significant correlation between Q2CI and the “social usefulness” parameter is evidence that the subjects are ready to bear social responsibility for innovation, take a mature social position and work for the long term. The obtained empirical results should be taken into account by the organizers of the educational process and the guarantors of specialized educational and scientific programs, who are responsible for future teachers’ academic and professional training.

Research on Academic Giftedness of Future Teachers

Adlet Kariyev — 2024-05-01

The aim of the research is to establish psychological content parameters, correlations and factors of future teachers’ academic giftedness. It was assumed that personal factors of future teachers’ academic giftedness would have statistically significant correlations with academic performance and parameters of intelligence; the researched groups distributed by academic performance evaluation would have significant differences by personal factors of academic giftedness, verbal, mathematical and spatial intelligence. Methods. The research participants were the 2nd–4th year full-time students pursuing a degree in pedagogy at three higher education institutions: two institutions from Kazakhstan – Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University (Abai KNPU), Auezov South Kazakhstan University (Auezov SKU) and one institution from Bulgaria – “Angel Kanchev” University of Ruse (RU “Angel Kanchev”), numbering 258 people aged from 18 to 22 years. The method for diagnosing personal factors of giftedness (PFG) (Belskaya, 2019); “Intelligence structure test” (IST 2000) (Amtchauer et al., 2001) were applied. An additional variable – academic performance evaluation (APE) – was used. Results. Pearson’s correlation analysis (R) allowed establishing fifteen correlations (р ≤ .050; р ≤ .010; p < .001) between the factors of academic giftedness, the types of intelligence and academic performance evaluation. It was found that the factor of giftedness “over-situational activeness” has the largest number of significant correlations – four (p < .001; р ≤ .050). It was substantiated that this factor is the most important and the most dependent one in future teachers’ academic giftedness. The Mann-Whitney U-test allowed establishing a statistically significant advantage of Group 2 (a high level of academic performance evaluation) by the parameter “over-situational activeness” (U = 6340.000; p < .040). It was explained that the respondents’ over-situational activeness is a backbone factor of future teachers’ academic giftedness. Discussion and conclusions. The obtained empirical results and the established statistically significant correlations and differences possess scientific novelty and applied value. A number of recommendations concerning reorganization and implementation of innovative processes of training future teachers aimed at developing academic giftedness and providing quality psychological-pedagogical support for gifted students were made.

Strategies of Student Youth’s Self-Representations in Choosing Behavioral Tendencies

Antonina Hrys — 2024-05-01

The aim is theoretical-empirical research of the dominant strategies of student youth’s self-presentations in the context of social desirability and actual behavioral tendencies. Methods. The sample involved students from three levels of higher education institutions of Ukraine representing socionomic and technonomic profiles and numbered n = 142 participants. The respondents’ age ranged from 18 to 28 years (M = 23.36; Me = 23.50; SD = ± 6.12). Theoretical and empirical research methods were used. Theoretical methods included analysis, synthesis and generalization. Empirical methods comprised a complex of valid and reliable methods which ensured determination of the parameters of self-representation, social desirability and behavioral tendencies. Standard methods of mathematical statistics were applied to establish statistically significant correlations and differences. Results and discussion. We registered eleven statistically significant correlations of self-representation strategies with the researched parameters, all of them being direct at the level р≤.050; р≤.010 and р≤.001. It was found that the assertive self-presentation strategy “Wanting to be liked” (AWL) (n = 102; 71.83%; М = 4.03; SD = ±.67) is dominant in student youth. We revealed the dual nature of student youth’s self-representation strategies and found that the dominant approval motivation manifests itself in constructive and destructive forms. It was established and explained that high social desirability with the behavioral tendency for dependence has a negative impact on intellectual and physical activities of adolescents. We warn that such a combination can be transformed into respondents’ psychological dependence on permanent self-approval, updating profiles in social networks and the desire to meet social expectations. Conclusions. We highlighted the danger which can be posed by high levels of the formedness of social desirability by the scales “self-deceit” and “managing impressions” for the formation of a young individual, if no prevention measures are taken to develop assertive self-presentation strategies. The findings of the applied research should be implemented in educational process, used in psychological theory and practice. The obtained scientific facts possess novelty and value for everyone working with student youth.

Resilience in the Changed Conditions of Educational and Professional Training of Future Specialists of a Socionomic Profile

Oleksii Koval — 2024-05-01

The aim is to research the relationship between respondents' resilience and key indicators of educational and professional training in the changed conditions of the educational environment. The sample was made up of first- and second-level higher education students studying at Ukrainian universities, who belong to future specialists in a socionomic profile, and at the time of the study, the educational process of these universities underwent significant transformational changes. General sample parameters: number of respondents (n=243); age range – from 18 to 36 years; descriptive frequency characteristics of age (M=22.43; SD=4.91; Me=22.50). Methods. Valid and reliable psychodiagnostic tests were applied: “Resilience Scale” (CD-RISC-10) (Connor & Davidson, 2003); the “Dispositional characteristics of personality self-development” (DCPS) (Kuzikova, 2017); questionnaire “Hardiness Survey” (Maddi & Khoshaba, 1994) and the grade point average according to the results of the 2022-2023 academic year. Results. It was established that there are no significant differences between the psychological content parameters of resilience, hardiness and key indicators of educational and professional training of bachelors and master’s students according to the Mann-Whitney (U) criterion. It was found that resilience has five statistically significant correlations with the researched parameters (p<.050; p<.010): need for self-development; conditions of self-development; engagement; control; challenge; general level of hardiness. Comparison of low (group I) and high (group II) levels of resilience demonstrated the superiority of group II in five parameters (р<.050; р<.010): need for self-development (U=149.500; p=.000); conditions of self-development (U=134.000; p=.000); mechanisms of self-development (U=198.500; p=.038); general level of self-development (U=178.500; p=.000) and engagement (U=145.500; p=.000). Discussion and сonclusions. It was proven that students with a high level of resilience are able to develop under any circumstances, and negative events, critical situations and changed conditions are perceived by them as another stage of challenge. It was recommended to implement the received scientific facts into teaching, organizational and pedagogical work.

Research of Assertiveness in Organization of the Time Perspective of Degree-Seeking Students in Higher Education

Olesia Smolinska — 2024-05-01

The aim is to conduct empirical research and theoretical substantiation of assertiveness of degree-seeking students in higher education within the structure of time perspective. It was substantiated that assertiveness in the organization structure of time perspective is a flexible and constructive strategy and tactic of behavior, reflecting the life position and accompanied by temporal decentrations in the form of dominant representations about the psychological future and psychological past, which is reflected in the current moment of time. Methods. The participants of the research were full-time students of the 2nd and 3rd years of study at higher education institutions in Ukraine, aged from 18 to 20 years (M = 18.44; Me = 18.50; SD = 3.23), with a total number of n = 120 people. A valid and reliable psychodiagnostic toolkit adapted and tested on a Ukrainian sample was applied: “Personality Assertiveness Test” (PAT) (Sheinov, 2014); “Time Perspective Inventory” (TPI) (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999), adapted by O. Senyk (2012); “Locus of Control” (LC) (Rotter, 1992) and statistical methods for processing empirical data. Theoretical methods were used to perform retrospective analysis, synthesis, and generalization of the main theoretical positions; a discussion was conducted; explanations and justifications of the obtained empirical results and conclusions were presented. Results. Three direct statistically significant correlations were identified between assertiveness and the parameters of “hedonistic present”, “future”, and locus of control. It was found that the correlation between assertiveness and the hedonistic present (rs = .283; p < .001) was the most significant and dependent, and accordingly, the most dangerous. This danger was explained by the fact that material values, which are partly the desire for immediate pleasure, can be understood as the meaning of flexible and constructive behavior of the subjects. A comparison of the studied parameters of the optimal profile (Group 1) with the parameters of the general profile (Group 2) was performed. A statistically significant advantage of the optimal profile in terms of assertiveness and internal locus of control was recorded. Discussion and сonclusions. It was summarized and explained that assertiveness occupies an important place in the structure of time perspective and performs a regulatory role. Educational process organizers were recommended to focus on developing this competence in the students.

Theoretical and Empirical Study on Hardiness of Participants in Military Operations

Viacheslav Blikhar — 2024-05-01

The aim of the article is to conduct a theoretical and empirical analysis of the distinctive characteristics of hardiness exhibited by individuals who have participated in military operations, elucidating its correlation with coping strategies. Methods. Psychodiagnostic techniques were used to achieve the aim: the Hardiness Scale by S. Maddi; the Stress and Coping Inventory (SCI) by R. Lazarus and S. Folkman. Statistical methods of data analysis (comparative and correlational analyses) were applied. The empirical study sample consisted of 35 men aged 22–55 who were in Ukraine and were involved in various ways in armed conflict (special operations forces, territorial defence, volunteers, etc.). Results. The indicators of the components of hardiness in the sample were distributed as follows: “engagement” characterized by a high level in 63.50% of respondents, a medium level in 28.30%, and a low level in 8.20%; “control” – a high level in 69.20%, a medium level in 15.30%, a low level in 15.50%; “risk acceptance” – a high level displayed only by 14.10%, a medium level by 35.30%, a low level by 50.60%. Dominant coping strategies among the subjects were found to be “acceptance of responsibility” (M = 15.10), “self-control” (M = 14.50), and “confrontational coping” (M = 10.30). The lowest level of coping was observed in “positive reappraisal” (M = 5.60). According to the results of the conducted correlational analysis, the following correlations were established: a correlation between “engagement” and “problem- solving planning” (R = .432; p ≤ .01) and “acceptance of responsibility” (R = .451; p ≤ .01), “risk acceptance” and “confrontational coping” (R = .611; p ≤ .01) and “escape-avoidance” coping (R = .550; p ≤ .01). As a result of the theoretical and empirical study, the characterization of personality hardiness in the context of stress resistance and vitality is presented. It was established that the key to the formation of hardiness is the development of personality vitality, which helps to overcome crisis situations. Hardiness is considered as a set of competencies enabling individuals not only to endure adversities but also to become stronger or acquire new skills. Discussion and conclusions. Empirical findings highlight the prevalence of hardiness components such as control and engagement among participants, contrasted with a notably lower inclination towards risk acceptance. Predominant coping strategies include “acceptance of responsibility”, “self-control”, and “confrontational coping”, while “positive reappraisal” coping exhibits the lowest manifestation. Correlations between coping strategies and hardiness components are delineated, namely: “engagement” correlating with “acceptance of responsibility” and “problem-solving planning”, and “risk acceptance” correlating with confrontational coping and “escape-avoidance” coping. These findings expand the directions of psychological support and aid available to individuals for cultivating hardiness and facilitating effective adaptation during crises situations.

Self-Organization of Student Youth under Conditions of Social Uncertainty

Ihor Hoian — 2024-05-01

The aim is a theoretical and empirical research of the psychological characteristics and types of self-organization among student youth in conditions of social uncertainty. Methods. The sample consisted of students from three levels of higher education who were studying at universities in Ukraine, a total of 362 individuals (M = 22.86; SD = ±2.84). An important criterion that united the subjects is that, during the martial law all of them found themselves in a difficult social situation, and their living and studying underwent significant spatiotemporal and content changes. Psychodiagnostic methods that were validated by psychologists on Ukrainian samples were used. The main dimensions of readiness for change, self-organization, and self-regulation were determined by: “Readiness to Change Questionnaire” (RCQ) (Rollnick et al., 1992); “Self-Organization of Activity Test-Questionnaire” (SOATQ) (Mandrikova, 2010); and the questionnaire “Style of Behavior Self-Regulation” (SBSR) (Morosanova, 1991). Results. Twenty-five statistically significant correlations (p < .050; p < .010; p < .001) were identified, demonstrating regular dependencies among the researched parameters. Through cluster analysis using the k-means method, four types of self-organization among student youth in conditions of social uncertainty were established: “Adventurous self-organization” (AS) (Cluster 1, n = 47; 12.98%); “Optimistic self-organization” (OS) (Cluster 2, n = 143; 39.50%); “Passionate self-organization” (PS) (Cluster 3, n = 97; 26.80%) and “Tolerant self-organization” (TS) (Cluster 4, n = 75; 20.72%). Discussion and conclusions. It was substantiated that “adventurousness”, which has the strongest direct correlation with “purposefulness” (R = .231; p < .001), is dangerous. It is explained that a high level of purposefulness and constructive ambition, which is characteristic of student organization leaders, definitely borders on adventurousness, with youthful maximalism and can bring record results and feats, as well as have reverse consequences and deep disappointments. It is substantiated that “AS” and “PS” are destructive, while “OS” and “TS” are constructive types of self-organization. It is summarized that the outlined types represent a successful attempt at clustering the empirical data with the aim to discover new knowledge. It is recommended that the obtained results be implemented in the structural units of higher education institutions that work with student youth.

Self-Regulation and a Regulatory Focus of Combatant Police Officers

Dmytro Shvets — 2024-05-01

The article presents the results of a research of the particularities of the components of self-regulation and a regulatory focus of combatants – police officers who are directly involved in hostilities with the aggressor. The purpose of the present research is to determine the specifics of self-regulation and the peculiarities of a regulatory focus in combatant police officers having relevant experience compared to civil defense specialists. Methods. Inventory for researching self-regulation (J. Kuhl, A. Fuhrman, 1998), questionnaire for diagnosing a regulatory focus (Higgins et al., 2001). The empirical basis involved 182 respondents, divided into two groups: 92 persons – combatants of the special purpose regiment and 90 persons – police officers serving in civilian conditions. Results. Theoretical study showed that self-regulation and a regulatory focus are directly related to manifestations of individual activity in various spheres of life, including professional policing. It was empirically established that combatants demonstrate more evident self-motivation, self-relaxation, affective self-control, concentration, integration of contradictions, action focus in anticipation of success, prevention focus, and significantly lower rates of self-determination and promotion focus. Discussion and conclusions. It was substantiated that combatant police officers and police officers not involved in active hostilities have a peculiar to each group combination of components of self-regulation and a regulatory focus. The constellation of features characteristic of the first group serves as a psychological basis for managing activities and behavior under extreme conditions and external pressure, which trigger tension, contradictory experiences, and a regulatory attitude to prevent losses and failure of actions. The regulation structure in the second group ensures the implementation of the current activity, its planned performance, dealing with problems, and overcoming difficulties that result in the effectiveness of actions and achievement of success, which determine positive emotional self-esteem and motivate the subjects to future work and risk-taking.

Social and Individual-Psychological Factors of an Individual’s Propensity for Corrupt Behavior

Oleh Zarichanskyi — 2024-05-01

The article presents the results of a study of social and psychological elements associated with corrupt behavior. The aim of the study is to analyze the social and individual-psychological factors associated with corrupt actions and to investigate the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and an individual’s propensity for corrupt behavior. Methods: The Short Dark Triad questionnaire by D. Paulhus and K. Williams (2002), A. Furnham “Money Attitude and Behaviour Scale” (modified version by M. Simkiv (2012) “Money Perceptions and Behavior Scale”). Results. Power, the characteristics of a corrupt person (egocentrism, lack of guilt), moral traits (manipulativeness, tendency to use others to further one's own goals), self-esteem traits (negative self-esteem or guilt), and a variety of individual personality traits (such as Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) are all proven to be causes of corrupt behavior. Empirical research has demonstrated a relationship between the Dark Triad qualities and various money attitudes, which in turn enables the prediction of corrupt conduct proclivity. The Dark Triad characteristics have been shown to be predictive of financial manipulation and anxiety. Discussion and conclusions: It is clarified that maladaptive moral dysfunction, a lack of empathy, the pursuit of profit, an urge for control and power, a low degree of fear of punishment, and the impacts of group influence are the social, psychological, and individual components of corrupt behavior. These variables, together with cultural, social, and economic variables, influence how likely it is for someone to engage in corrupt activity. A tendency toward corrupt behavior is also linked to aspects of money behavior and the Dark Triad qualities. Research indicates that persons with a strong Machiavellian streak are more likely to employ financial tactics and behaviors that include manipulating or taking advantage of others. Narcissists frequently use enrichment to increase their sense of self-worth. Psychopaths' lack of empathy and capacity for taking advantage of others makes them more likely to make hazardous financial judgments and to manipulate money.

Impact of Professionally Important Qualities of Patrol Police Officers on Decision-making Strategies

Liubov Pomytkina — 2024-05-01

The article presents the results of a theoretical-empirical research of the impact of professionally important qualities of employees on decision-making strategies in the activity of the patrol police; at the theoretical level, the achievements of modern scientists and practitioners regarding the specifics of decision-making in extreme conditions of activity have been analyzed; the data on the specifics of patrol police activity in the conditions of military operations were clarified. The aim of the study is to highlight the research findings on the impact of professionally important qualities of patrol police officers on their decision-making strategies in the professional activity. Research methods: “Assessment of operational visual memory” (Münsterberg, 2011), “Diagnosis of attention selectivity” (Münsterberg, 2011); “Research on the level of impulsivity” by V. Losenkov (Lemak & Petryshche, 2012); “Diagnosis of communicative social competence” (Fetiskin et al., 2002); “Melbourne Decision-Making Questionnaire” (Mann et. al., 1997). The results. It was found that the constructive decision-making strategy “vigilance” is determined by such dominant characteristics as emotional stability, independence, rationality, attention selectivity and purposefulness. Thus, for patrol officers, who are characterized by high emotional stability, independence, rationality, purposefulness, as well as a high level of attention selectivity, “vigilance” will be a characteristic strategy, that is, a rational strategy. Regarding non-constructive decision-making strategies, which, unfortunately, take place among patrol police officers, the results are as follows: the “avoidance” strategy is determined by sensuality, emotionality, which hinders the ability to solve problems and make decisions independently; the choice of the “procrastination” strategy is influenced by the impulsivity indicator; the “hypervigilance” strategy is influenced by such characteristics as inattention and impulsiveness of thinking. Discussion and conclusions. It was substantiated that the choice of decision-making strategies in the work of the patrol police is influenced by the level of development of employees' professionally important qualities; the obtained data must be taken into account during the formation of patrol police teams, as well as in the training and retraining of employees. This approach will ensure a conscious choice of constructive strategies and increase the effectiveness of activities.

Personal Predictors of Future Medical Workers Adaptation to the Conditions of Professional Activity

Andrii Halian — 2024-05-01

The purpose is to study the predictors that forecast the structure of the adaptation process of future medical workers to the conditions of professional activity. It is assumed that adaptation to the conditions of professional activity of future medical workers among others is provided by latent factors that are the result of the interaction of personality traits and qualities. Methods: testing by “Social-Psychological Adjustment Questionnaire” (Rogers & Dymond, 1954). Subjective resources for overcoming difficulties in various areas of mental activity were studied using “Ways of Coping Questionnaire” (Folkman, Lazarus, 1980). Internal psychological regulatory resources involved in the adaptation process were assessed using the Action Control Scale (Kuhl, 2001). The versions of the questionnaires validated on the Ukrainian sample were used. The total research sample was 84 future medical workers (college students) of the specializations “General Medicine”, “Nursing”. The sample is homogeneous, formed randomly. Results. Latent factors (predictors) that ensure the adaptation process of future medical workers were identified: “Support seeking” (F1), “Friendliness” (F2), “Conformity” (F3), “Anti-stress” (F4), “Rationalism” (F5), “Self-analysis of situations” (F6). The share of predictors involved in the formation of adaptation processes of future medical workers was determined. Four of the six factors were included in the multiple analysis regression model. Two predictors (“rationalism” t = 1.299; p = .201 and “self-analysis of the situation” t = .356; p = .356) were not included in the regression models due to the lack of statistical significance of their t-test. Discussion and conclusions. Future medical workers have been diagnosed with a medium level of adaptive capacity, which helps them adapt to the conditions of professional activity at the stage of primary professionalization. The factors that form the structure of the adaptive capacity of future medical workers were identified. Using the method of linear multiple regression, the share of each factor in ensuring the effectiveness of the adaptation process was determined. The share of “friendliness” (32.00%) in the explanation of “adaptation” is the highest. The share of “conformity” is slightly lower (20.00%). “Support seeking” accounts for only 11.56% of the variance explained. The smallest share in the regression model belongs to the predictor “antistress” – 3.72% of the explained variance. The prospect of further research on the problem highlighted in the article is the validation of the factor model, which requires a confirmatory analysis.

Research on Adaptation of First-Year Students with Special Educational Needs to Study at University

Marzhan Moldakhanova — 2024-05-01

The aim of the research is empirical clarification and theoretical substantiation of psychological adaptive potential and types of adaptation of first-year students with special educational needs in terms of university education. First-year students of M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University (SKU named after M. Auezov) and Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University (KNPU named after Abai) took part in the research, a total of 469 people in the age range from 17 to 19 years. First-year students with special educational needs numbered 154 people. Descriptive frequency characteristics of the sample: M=18.22; SD=±2.45; Me=18.00; Mo=18.00. Methods. Valid and reliable questionnaires were used: the test of personality adjustment (TPA) (Rogers & Dymond, 1955); the multilevel personal questionnaire “Adaptability” (MPQ-AM) (Maklakov & Chermyanin, 1993). Inductive and deductive methods, analysis, generalization, substantiation and synthesis of scientific theoretical and empirical data were used. Results. It was found that according to the “adaptability” scales (U=245.00; p=.000); “self-acceptance” (U=312.00; p=.003); “acceptance of others” (U=318.00; p=.004); “behavioral regulation” (U=241.00; p=.000); “communicative potential” (U=203.00; p=.000) and “personal adaptation potential” (U=312.00; p=.003) first-year students with special educational needs are inferior to students without special educational needs. Such expected results were explained by certain difficulties in the process of communication, including representatives of the opposite sex. The absence of statistical significance between the respondents with special educational needs (Group 1) and those without special educational needs (Group 2) according to the parameter “moral normativity” (U=621.00; p=.059) was established. It was explained that the key value of this contingent of first-year students is the constancy of formed moral canons. Using k-means clustering, four types of adaptation of firstyear students with special educational needs to study at university were determined: “Constructive adaptation” (cluster 1, n=20; 12.99%), “Destructive adaptation” (cluster 2, n=57; 37.01%), “Maladjustment” (cluster 3, n=49; 31.82%), “Moral-normative adaptation” (cluster 4, n=28; 18.18%). The obtained types organize a significant array of empirical information about the special educational needs of students for the purpose of further operationalization and effective implementation in educational practice. Discussion and conclusions. We proved the possibility of introducing the research results in terms of improvement of the inclusive educational environment for optimal adaptation of first-year students to the realities of university life for the purpose of fulfillment of expectations of all subjects of educational process.